This Dual Use Research of Concern (DURC) manual was developed by experts in Pakistan and internationally, with the support of Health Security Partners. The manual is intended to raise awareness and support risk mitigation efforts concerning DURC for individuals working in research, biomedical, and veterinary laboratories, while also serving as a tool for the dissemination of knowledge about DURC issues. While developed primarily for use in a Pakistani context, it has served as an informational guide for understanding and identifying DURC risks in other countries around the world, particularly LMICs.  

The manual was written by Dr. Shamsul Arfin Qasmi with a contribution from Samreen Sarwar and is explicitly written with the intent to allow for future revision, updates, and changes. It has been used in training programs and as part of capacity-building efforts.